Affirmative Action in the Public and Private Sectors Essay

Running head: AFFIRMATIVE ACTION PAPER Affirmative Action in the Private and Public Sector University of Phoenix Employment Law HRM/ 434 CWH09HRM06 Mr. Jemal K. Yarbrough August 18, 2009 Affirmative Action in the Private and Public Sector Introduction Affirmative Action is constantly seen as an unfair intentional treatment to classes not protected by anti-discrimination laws. This paper will describe the elements of affirmative action and how it applies to employees in the private and public sector. It will also show how affirmative action interacts with Title VII requirements of Equal Employment Opportunity. Why Affirmative Action By Definition affirmative action is the intentional inclusion of women and†¦show more content†¦The plan code was created with the intention to help employers manage their responsibilities under the executive order and for them to embrace it as a form to conduct business. Affirmative action plans outline how the employer plans to ensure an anti-discrimination workplace, which can include a number of ways of how to do it. With the changes to the regulations of affirmative action plans in 2000, it made plans more balanced, by allowi ng plans â€Å"contain a diagnostic component to include an analysis that evaluates the composition of the workforce and compare it to the composition of the relevant labor pools.† (Bennett-Alexander, Hartman, 2007 , Pg 11 para 2). This means that the plans will be developed to include a study of their labor pool and their current workforce to understand and determine if there are underutilization of minorities within their geographic population. In addition the plans are also designed to include internal auditing and reporting systems to measure any progress toward achieving a balance in workforce, as described in their plan of action. Also the plans contain the procedures and actions the employers will take to ensure that qualified applicants and employees receive fair treatment in employment terms. The plans must show quantities and qualitative aspects, meaning the plan must show analysis of the workplace as it is, to identify if the minorities that exist areShow MoreRel atedAffirmative Action1160 Words   |  5 PagesAffirmative Action Marlene S. Smith MGT/434 October 28, 2013 Thomas Affirmative Action Affirmative action is an action that was purposefully designed to provide full and equal opportunities for employment and education for women, minorities, and other individuals belonging to disadvantaged groups. This paper will assess the rudiments of Affirmative Action as it applies to public and private sector employers. The paper will also evaluate what employers are subject to affirmative actionRead MoreIs Diversity Is The Great Issue Of Our Time ( Macdeo, 2000, P.1 ) Essay887 Words   |  4 Pagesprohibited in the Constitution. Despite the legal mandate, racism is evident in the society; racism has been a part of the society for five centuries and still exists in overt and covert forms. Despite positive developments in the higher education sector, underrepresented social groups are far behind than their counter parts White and Asian students. Among 18 to 24 years old student groups enrolled in college by 2004, the highest access was 60.3 per cent in Asian/Pacific Islander and 4 1.7 per centRead MoreIndia Caste System1441 Words   |  6 Pagesceremonies to purify himself from the pollution. II) Solutions to reduce discriminations Indias current controversy recalls the decades-long debate over affirmative action in the U.S., where the concept was introduced in the 1960s in an effort to remedy the effects of centuries of racial injustice and gender discrimination. Affirmative action programs in college admissions and employment have often been an inflammatory issue, raising objections from those who believe that it results in reverseRead MoreAffirmative Action : Discrimination And Discrimination Essay1143 Words   |  5 PagesWHAT IS AFFIRMATIVE ACTION Affirmative action can be described as positive discrimination. It is an action or policy favoring those who tend to suffer from discrimination, especially in relation to employment or education. Affirmative action means taking positive steps to end discrimination, to prevent its recurrence, and to creative new opportunities that were previously denied minorities and women. Affirmative action itself has been defined as any measure, beyond simple termination of a discriminatoryRead MoreAffirmative Action and the Disabled: Should Disabled Veterans Receive Preferential Treatment in Hiring Decisions?1028 Words   |  4 PagesAffirmative Action and the Disabled: Should Disabled Veterans Receive Preferential Treatment in Hiring Decisions? When people think of affirmative action programs, they generally think of programs that give preference to candidates based on gender or race. However, one of the most vital affirmative action programs in the United States is the Disabled Veterans Affirmative Action Program (DVAAP). Under these programs, agencies are not only required to give preferential treatment to disabled veteransRead MoreAffirmative Action And The Civil Rights And Equal Opportunity Legislation Of The 1960s958 Words   |  4 PagesAffirmative action is a program that serves to rectify the effects of purportedly past societal discrimination by allocating jobs and opportunities to minorities and women. Affirmative action programs were an outgrowth of the 1950s and 1960s civil rights movements and the Civil Rights and Equal Opportunity legislation of the 1960s. Close to fifty years later, the practice of affirmative action has been at the vanguard of intense debate more than any other time in its history. Hardly a week goesRead MoreAffirmative Action1075 Words   |  5 PagesAffirmative Action Sharon Huntington University of Phoenix MGT 434 Teresa Knox September 13, 2010 Affirmative Action According to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, â€Å"affirmative action means positive steps taken to increase the representation of women and minorities in areas of employment, education, and business from which they have been historically excluded† (Fullinwider, 2009). The following paragraphs will discuss whatRead MoreAffirmative Action : Discrimination And Discrimination910 Words   |  4 PagesFirst affirmative action refers to policies offering compensation to groups formerly targeted for discrimination and identified along social cleavages - racial groups in the United States and South Africa, and religious groups in Northern Ireland. Affirmative action is a federally mandated program for federal contractors as it relates to employment. Civil rights result from a series of federal and state civil rights laws and provide protection from discrimination and harassment on a variety of basesRead MoreThe Employment Laws1657 Words   |  7 Pagescases that violate th e employee-at-will doctrine, and this has created action in the late twentieth century. Many states are abandoning the at-will doctrine and an increase in protection of employee rights at work under a variety of theories including tort, contract, and property theories (Cornell, 2013). This has created alternative means of compensation has resulted with a steady drop in union membership in the private sector (Cornell, 2013). Contractors vs. Employees It is important to note thatRead MoreAffirmative Action : Gender Action Essay970 Words   |  4 PagesAffirmative Action (ADD PROPER INTRO) Affirmative action, in its broadest sense, are attempts to help create labor and educational opportunities for groups that have been disadvantaged in the past. (Miriam Webster). Evidence has shown that throughout history, many groups have been discriminated against, and because of past (discriminations?), they continue to experience obstacles in areas of hiring, promotion, renting, buying, gaining education, and everyday economic activities. Thus, affirmative

Essay on The Portrayal of the Contemporary Society in...

The Portrayal of the Contemporary Society in Talking Heads We have been studying three different monologues written by Alan Bennett. They are Her Big Chance involving Lesley an actress, Bed Among the Lentils with Susan, a vicars wife and A Chip in the Sugar including Graham who still lives with his mother. In this essay I am going to discuss how contemporary society is portrayed in all three. There are many different issues in our society which are raised in talking heads, for example: religion, ageism and sexuality. Sexuality Sexuality is involved in all three monologues, but more in Grahams. All throughout A Chip in the Sugar there is suspicion that Graham is gay. An example of†¦show more content†¦We can see her make her make similar excuses for things she doesnt like in other places in the monologue. There is also very little sexuality included in Susans monologue. Geoffrey, her husband has just finished a sermon on sex, and she has over heard Miss Budd and Miss Bantocks discussion. Not to mention whatever shamefaced fumblings go on between Miss Budd and Miss Bantock. Its alright if we offer it to God, Alice well if you say so Pauline. Here Susan is implying that they are lesbians. Religion Religion is quite important part of the monologue Bed Among the Lentils as Susan, the main characters husband is a vicar. I think that the whole thing briefly suggests that in our time not as many people have such strong beliefs as they did 50 years ago. This can be seen in a lot of sarcastic remarks which Susan makes. So Geoffrey concludes, when we put our money in the plate it is a symbol of everything in our lives we are offering to God and that includes our sex. I could only find 10p This is saying that she doesnt think much of her sex life and also shows how weak her beliefs in God are. One other particular quote I find interesting is To look at me, the hair, the flat chest, the wan smile, youd think I was just cutShow MoreRelatedA Streetcar Named Desire Compare And Contrast1187 Words   |  5 PagesThings come to a head when he discovers that she s been lying to them all about her mental health and he reveals the truth about her leave of absence, which truly came after it w as revealed that she had sexual relations with a minor. Though Brando s portrayal of Stanley is captivating, all the more captivating is Vivian Leigh s Blanche, who serves as the films protagonist. Blanche is an extremely complex character – both in text and on screen. On the outside she is high society, pure, condescendingRead MorePerceptions And Understanding Of Self And Others, By Laura Wade And Crouch, Touch, Pause,2808 Words   |  12 Pagesnotions in British theatre which resonate through contemporary society. â€Å"What to do? How to act? Who to be? These are focal questions for everyone living in circumstances of late modernity – and ones which, on some level or another, all of us answer, either discursively or through day- to-day† (Giddens, 1991, p.80). Identity is a powerful umbrella radiating through the ever more challenging, fast paced living, and diversification of the present contemporary world, under which humanity ‘categorises’ individualsRead MoreCommon Representations Of Nordic Cultur e1932 Words   |  8 Pagesputting on an accent similar to Stoick’s. Hiccup – (mimicking his father) â€Å"Excuse me barmaid! I believe you brought me the wrong offspring; I ordered an extra large boy with beefy arms, extra large guts and glory on the side. This here, this is a talking fish bone!† (DreamWorks Animation, DeBlois Sanders, 2010) When hiccup takes on this accent, he also calls forth the Viking traits that he is lacking. 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Law of European Union

Question: Describe about the Law of European Union. Answer: Introduction The European Union citizenship first emerged or rather introduced by the Treaty of Maastricht that was signed in the year of 1992. The treaty came into effect in the year of 1993. The citizenship of European Union is subsidiary to the to the citizenship that is national and in addition to that it afford those rights that includes voting rights in the elections of Europe. The rights also make the inclusion of the right relating to the free movement, employment and settlement across the European Union. The rights also include the right of consular protection that is rendered by the other states embassies of the European Union in case any persons nation of citizenship do not have or maintain any consulate or an embassy in that nation where the protection is required. The freedom of movement of the persons that is considered to be the one of the four rights of freedom are considered in Section 26 of the TFEU. Article 18 of the Said Treaty makes the dealing with the rights that are associated with non discrimination on the sole grounds of nationality. Article 20 deals with the creation of the citizenship of the European Union. Article 21 deals with the movement of the citizens of the European Union that are free and subject to certain limitations and conditions. The citizenship of the European Union was considered a distinct concept when it got its first introduction through the Maastricht Treaty. The concept got extended through the Amsterdam Treaty. In the earlier time that is before the year of 1992 the right to freedom of movement was subject to be guaranteed by the treaties of the European Communities[1]. Through that treaty, the right of the freedom of movement was granted to the general persons who are active economically and not the others. The Paris Treaty of the year 1951 made the establishment of the Community of European Steel and Coal that made the identification of the rights of the freedom of movement of the workers related to these industries. The Rome Treaty of the year of 1957 made the provision of the freedom of movement of the workers. European Court of Justice and the Freedom of Movement of People The European Court of Justice made the interpretation of the provisions of the treaty as not having a narrow purpose economically, but having a broader economic and social purpose. In the case of Levin[2], it was held by the Court, that the right of the free movement is of primary importance as that right did not only intend to make the establishment of the single market for benefitting the economies of the member states but they intend to raise the living standard of the workers. Under the case law of the European Court of Justice, the rights of the freedom of movement of the workers apply only to those workers who take up employment abroad and that employment could be either full-time or part-time[3]. Such rights are significant regardless of the fact whether the worker is of any need of assistance in the financial terms in the member nation where he moves. There was the existence of the elements of non-discrimination before the Maastricht Treaty under Article 12 of the Treaty of t he European Community. This is because the Court of Justice of Europe previously held that the recipient of any service bears the right of free movement. Such right existed among every member nation state working whether active economically or not. In the case of Martinez Sala[4], the European Justice Court made the decision that the provisions of citizenship grant the right of free movement that is substantive in nature. Such rights are in addition to those rights that were granted already by the law of the Union. The primary benefit that lies in being the citizen of the European Union is the right of the freedom of movement. The right of free movement makes the application to the citizens of the areas of economic Europe and also Switzerland. Since, the establishment of the concept of the citizenship of the European Union, there were several political rights that came into the picture[5]. The Treaty of Functioning of the European Union makes the provision for the citizens for being represented directly at the level of Union in the Parliament of Europe. Such provision also grants the right to make the participation in the life relation to democracy of the European Union[6]. The primary political right is the right to vote in the lections of Europe. Such rights were granted under Article 22 of the European Union Treaty. According to that Article, there stands a right to cast the vote and also stand in the elections of the Parliament of Europe in any member nation of the European Union. The next political right relates to the right of voting in the elections of a municipality. Such right is granted through the Article 22 of the European Union Treaty. According to that Article, there lies the right to cast the vote and in addition to that also stand in the elections that are local in any state of the European Union other than the state of their own. Such participation must be in accordance with the similar conditions that are imposed on the nationals of such state. The third political right is the right to have the access the documents of the government of Europe. Such right is granted through Article 15 of the European Union Treaty. According to that arti cle, there is the right to make the access to the documents of the Parliament of Europe, Commission, and Council. The fourth political right relates to the petitioning the Parliament and Ombudsman[7]. Such right is granted under Article 24 of the European Union Treaty. In accordance with that Article, there lies the right to make the petition to the Parliament of Europe. The article also grants the right to make the application of the Ombudsman of Europe for bringing the cases of ill administration to the attention of the bodies and institutions of the European Union[8]. The same Article also grants the rights of language. The Article grants the right to make the application to the institution of European Union in any of languages that are official and also to get the reply in that language in which the application is made. There are several rights of freedom of movement. The first right of relating to the freedom of movement is the right to make the residence and movement that is free. Article 21 of the European Union Treaty grants this right. According to that article, there lies the right of freedom of residence and movement that exists throughout the territories of the European Union. The Article also grants the right to work or get employed in any position. Such position includes the position in the national civil services that makes the exception of the posts that exists in public sector, which makes the involvement of the power exercise that is conferred by the public law. The next right relating to the freedom of movement is the right of freedom from the discrimination on the basis of nationality. Such right was enshrined in Article 18 of the European Union Treaty[9]. In accordance to that Article, there lies the right to any person of not discriminated on the grounds of his or her nationality that lies within the application scope of the Treaty. The European Union Treaty through Article 23 provides the right of consular protection. In accordance to that article, there is the right of getting protection of the diplomatic authorities or the consular of any other member nation when they are in any non-member State of the European Union. Such right is applicable in cases where there exists no consular or diplomatic authorities from the own State of the citizen. This is because not every member nation maintains their embassies everywhere in world[10]. The first subsection of Article 21 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union makes the express statement that every Citizen who belongs to the European Union should have the right for moving freely and reside within the territories of the Member Nations. However, such right is subject to certain conditions and limitations that are given in the Treaty in addition to the measures that are adopted for giving effect that right. In relation to this right, the European Court of Justice made the statement that the Citizenship of the European Union is designed to be the primary status of the nationals of the Member Nation. The Court of Justice of Europe made the decision that the said Article makes the conferring of the right that is effective and is direct upon the citizens who are residing in any other Member nation. It was considered widely before the case of Baumbast[11], that the citizens who are not active economically, do not have the right of residence that derives from the Treaty of European Union directly from the directives that are created under that Treaty. In the case of Baumbast, the European Court of Justice made the decision that Article 18 of the Treaty grants the right to residency that is applicable in the general sense and also limited by secondary legislation. The limitation is applicable only in those cases where the legislation, which is secondary, is proportionate. The Member nations could make the distinction between their nationals and the citizens of the European Union only in those conditions when the provisions make the satisfaction of the proportionality test. The citizens of the European who are migrant is expected to have a solidarity that is related to finance to some degree[12]. Such solidarity must be in regard of those citizens integration degree to the society of the host country. The time length is also considered as a factor that is important while making the consideration of the integration degree. There has been a huge criticism of the case laws of the European Court of Justice for increasing the number of the national rules that are related with the assessment of proportionality. The Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union through Article 45 makes the express statement that the rights of the free movement of the workers need to be secured with the European Union. The Article also depicts that the said freedom should entail abolition of discrimination that is based on nationality between the employees of the Member nations as regard to remuneration, employment and the conditions of employment and work[13]. The State employment that are reserved exclusively for the nationals differs between the Member nations. For instance, the barrister training in the territory of Ireland and Britain is not reserved for the nationals, while the similar course in France makes the qualification of anyone as judge and can be pursued only by the citizens of France[14]. However, the factor of employment is limited widely to the roles that make the exercise of that degree of authority of public that is significant[15]. For example, the posts of judges, diplomats of military , politicians etc. It is also the factor to note that not every member nation makes the choice of restricting these posts to the nationals. The rights of citizenship as enshrined in the Legislation that is Secondary In the Directive 2004/38, the rights of citizenship are enshrined. Recital 3 of the Echoes of the European Court of Justice states that the citizenship of the European Union should be the primary status of the member nation nationals. In Article 21 of the TFEU gives the clarification about importance of the development of the concepts of the citizenship in the European Union centrally. The said Directive is involved in granting the rights to reside in any of the member nations of the European Union for more than a period of three months. The rights make the application on the workers, the persons who are self employed, students, independent persons and their members of the family. There are distinctions that are significant between the members of the family members who are the citizens of the European Union. The scope of the family member also makes the extension in making the inclusion of the partners who are registered. Under the said Directive there are also protection that render s the protection against expulsion. Once upon the rights of permanent residence are acquired, there can be no decision of expulsion that may be taken against the family members or the citizens of the European Union except in cases of security and public policy. Limitations of the Right of Freedom of Movement It is to be noted that the new members of the European Union may undergo the regimes that are transitional during the time when their nationals are capable to make the enjoyment of the access to the markets of labor that are restricted in the other Member nations. The Member nations of the European Union are given the permission to maintain the restrictions on the citizens of the countries that are acceded recently for a period of maximum seven years after that accession. The nations such as Iceland, Norway, Switzerland and Lichtenstein form the EFTA States. The said restriction for these EFTA States is maximum of nine years[16]. The time that followed the enlargement of 2004, it was seen the three member nations who are old such as United Kingdom, Ireland and Sweden made the decision to make the allowance of the access to their markets of labor that are unrestricted. In the year of 2009, all the Member Nations made the lifting of the restrictions with the exception of Germany and Austria. Germany and Austria also lifted their restrictions by the end of the year 2011[17]. The time that followed the enlargement of the year of 2004, it is seen that the member nations prior to the year of 2004 with exception of Sweden and Finland made the imposition of the restrictions on the citizens of Romania and Bulgaria. It was also the same that is done by the two member states such as Hungary and Malta that joined the Union in the year of 2004[18]. By the time expiry of the month of November, except eight of the countries of the European Union lifted the restrictions entirely. The said restrictions also ended on the 1st January of the year 2014. The labor market of Norway became open in the month of July in the year 2012. The restrictions were kept in place by the nations Lichtenstein and Switzerland till 2016. The time that followed the enlargement that took place in the year of 2013, several countries made the implementation of the restrictions on the nationals of the Croatia because of the accession of the country to that of European Union on the 1st of July of the year 2013. By the expiry of 2013, all countries lifted the restrictions except thirteen countries entirely. There has been a bill that has been announced regarding this effect by the Home Office of the United Kingdom[19]. Acquisition of the Citizenship There has been no common policy of the European Union on the factor of acquisition of the citizenship of Europe as it is considered supplementary to the citizenship of any nation. In accordance to Article 20 (1) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, one cannot become a citizen of the European Union unless he or she is the national of any of the Member Nation of the European Union. The said Article provides expressly that every person who holds or has the nationality of any the Member States of the European Union should considered to be the citizen of that of the Union. The Article also mentions that the citizenship of the European Union should in addition to the nationality of its member nations and should not replace under any circumstances the citizenship, which is national. It is mentioned already that the nationals of the Member Nations of the European Union are the members of the European Union. It has been regarded as the duty of each member nation of the European Union to have the due regard to the law of the Union for laying down the conditions relating to loss and acquisition of nationality[20]. Hence, it can be said that there exists a wide variety of the practices and the rules that is in relation to the loss and acquisition and loss of citizenship in the member nations of the European Union[21]. Exceptions to the Rights of Citizenship and Free Movement for the Overseas Territories The exceptions of the rule of free movement refers to the fact that any member state may withheld the citizenship of the European Union from several groups of citizens that are mostly in the territories that are overseas of the Member nations and that is outside the European Union[22]. For instance, the complexity that lies in the British Nationality Law regarding the definition of British Citizens. In accordance to that law, the Government of the United Kingdom made the declaration regarding the fact that who would be regarded as the national of Britain for the purposes of the European Union. The definition provides that those persons would be regarded as the British National who are British Citizens as mentioned by the first part of the British Nationality Act of the year 1981[23]. The British Subjects who lies within the meaning of the fourth part of the British Nationality Act of 1981 should be considered as British national only if such citizens have the right of abode that is u nder the immigration law of the United Kingdom. The citizens of Britain of the overseas territories who made the derivation of the citizenship in connection with Gibraltar should also be considered as the British National. The said law is therefore makes the exclusion from the citizenship of the European Union the several categories of the citizenship of Britain that are associated generally with the previous colonies of Britain. This includes the British Nationals who are in overseas, the British Citizens Overseas, the Protected Person of Britain and the Britain Subject that do not have that right of abode under the immigration law of the United Kingdom[24]. The enactment of the legislation named the British Overseas Territories Act in the year of 2002 made the extension of the citizenship of the European Union to almost all the citizens of Britain who are residing overseas. This has made the granting of the full rights of citizenship of the European Union that includes the freedom of movement to those citizens, but the right of voting in the Parliament of Europe only belongs to the residents of the territory of Gibraltar. Conclusion The primary aim of making this assignment is to make the presentation of the legal analysis of the citizenship conception of the European Union. In the case laws that were provided by the European Court of Justice made the inclusion of the rights of free movement of persons and free residence of the people of the European Union in between the Member States. The law states that any person has to be the citizen of any member nation of the European Union for getting the citizenship of the European Union. The status or the position of the citizenship of the European Union is significant and evident both in the Directive of 2004/38 and in the case laws of the European Court of Justice in making the extension of the rights of free movement. However, there remain the important limitations and the qualification still regarding such rights. Reference List Beetham, David, and Christopher Lord.Legitimacy and the European Union. Routledge, 2014. Bulmer, Simon, and Christian Lequesne.The member states of the European Union. Oxford University Press, 2013. Case 53/81D.M. Levin v Staatssecretaris van Justitie. Case C-413/99Baumbast and R v Secretary of State for the Home Department, para. [85]-[91]. Case C-85/96Mara Martnez Sala v Freistaat Bayern. Cini, Michelle, and Nieves Prez-Solrzano Borragn.European union politics. Oxford University Press, 2016. Conti, Nicol, Maurizio Cotta, and Pedro Tavares de Almeida, eds.Perspectives of national elites on European citizenship: A South European view. Routledge, 2014. Cowles, Maria Green, James A. Caporaso, and Thomas Risse-Kappen.Transforming Europe: Europeanization and domestic change. Cornell University Press, 2001. Currie, Samantha.Migration, work and citizenship in the enlarged European Union. Routledge, 2016. Cygan, Adam. "Citizenship of the European Union."International and Comparative Law Quarterly62.02 (2013): 492-501. Cygan, Adam. "Citizenship of the European Union."International and Comparative Law Quarterly62.02 (2013): 492-501. Faist, Thomas. "Social citizenship in the European Union: nested membership."JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies39.1 (2001): 37-58. Hollifield, James, Philip Martin, and Pia Orrenius.Controlling immigration: A global perspective. Stanford University Press, 2014. Horspool, Margot, and Matthew Humphreys.European Union Law. Oxford University Press, 2012. Jacobs, Francis G. "Citizenship of the European UnionA legal analysis."European Law Journal13.5 (2007): 591-610. Keyman, Fuat, and Ahmet Iduygu.Citizenship in a global world: European questions and Turkish experiences. Routledge, 2013. Lord, Christopher.A democratic audit of the European Union. Springer, 2016. Martiniello, Marco.Citizenship of the European Union. A critical view. na, 1994. McCormick, John.Understanding the European Union: a concise introduction. Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. Milana, Marcella, and Massimiliano Tarozzi. "Its about us! Reflections on Education for Active Citizenship within the European Union."Education58.6 (2013): 777-797. niÃ…Å ¸, Ziya. "8 Entrepreneurs, citizenship and the European Union."Citizenship in a Global World: European Questions and Turkish Experiences(2013): 173. Roche, Maurice, and Rik Van Berkel, eds.European citizenship and social exclusion. Aldershot: Ashgate, 1997. Streeck, Wolfgang.of Book: European Citizenship Between National Legacies and Postnational Projects. Oxford University Press, 2001. Wallace, Helen, Mark A. Pollack, and Alasdair R. Young, eds.Policy-making in the European Union. Oxford University Press, USA, 2015. [1] Beetham, David, and Christopher Lord.Legitimacy and the European Union. Routledge, 2014. [2] Case 53/81D.M. Levin v Staatssecretaris van Justitie. [3] Bulmer, Simon, and Christian Lequesne.The member states of the European Union. Oxford University Press, 2013. [4] Case C-85/96Mara Martnez Sala v Freistaat Bayern. [5] Cowles, Maria Green, James A. Caporaso, and Thomas Risse-Kappen.Transforming Europe: Europeanization and domestic change. Cornell University Press, 2001. [6] Currie, Samantha.Migration, work and citizenship in the enlarged European Union. Routledge, 2016. [7] Faist, Thomas. "Social citizenship in the European Union: nested membership."JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies39.1 (2001): 37-58. [8] Cygan, Adam. "Citizenship of the European Union."International and Comparative Law Quarterly62.02 (2013): 492-501. [9] Hollifield, James, Philip Martin, and Pia Orrenius.Controlling immigration: A global perspective. Stanford University Press, 2014. [10] Cygan, Adam. "Citizenship of the European Union."International and Comparative Law Quarterly62.02 (2013): 492-501. [11] Case C-413/99Baumbast and R v Secretary of State for the Home Department, para. [85]-[91]. [12] Horspool, Margot, and Matthew Humphreys.European Union Law. Oxford University Press, 2012. [13] Jacobs, Francis G. "Citizenship of the European UnionA legal analysis."European Law Journal13.5 (2007): 591-610. [14] Wallace, Helen, Mark A. Pollack, and Alasdair R. Young, eds.Policy-making in the European Union. Oxford University Press, USA, 2015. [15] Keyman, Fuat, and Ahmet Iduygu.Citizenship in a global world: European questions and Turkish experiences. Routledge, 2013. [16] Lord, Christopher.A democratic audit of the European Union. Springer, 2016. [17] Wallace, Helen, Mark A. Pollack, and Alasdair R. Young, eds.Policy-making in the European Union. Oxford University Press, USA, 2015. [18] Martiniello, Marco.Citizenship of the European Union. A critical view. na, 1994. [19] Milana, Marcella, and Massimiliano Tarozzi. "Its about us! Reflections on Education for Active Citizenship within the European Union."Education58.6 (2013): 777-797. [20] niÃ…Å ¸, Ziya. "8 Entrepreneurs, citizenship and the European Union."Citizenship in a Global World: European Questions and Turkish Experiences(2013): 173. 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Unified Themes free essay sample

Any person can tell that Edgar Allen Poe does a great Job drawing in the reader by using specific themes to add effect his short stories, The Cask of the Amontillado, Hop Frog, and the Tell-Tale Heart. The use of theme in his short stories makes the reader want more. His use of revenge in his short stories makes the reader more curious and raises the level of suspense. Poe does well in using revenge to keep the reader engaged. The narrators view in each of the story gives you the main characters view f the story, which creates a bias towards that character. In some stories the reader will feel the murder was Justified. First, Hop-Frog is the story of a crippled Jester who was pushed to the point to murder. His fool, or professional Jester, was not only a fool, however. His value was trebled in the eyes of the king, by the fact of his being also a dwarf and a cripple. We will write a custom essay sample on Unified Themes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Hop Frog is a professional Jester whose Job is to humor the king by being a fool. One evening the King had decided to have a masquerade and have Hop-Frog and his dwarf friend, Trippetta, organize the characters and ostumes for the party. After he summons both of them the king makes Hop Frog drink a goblet of wine. After they are all intoxicated, Hop Frog planned to get revenge on the king and seven other cabinet members. He tricks them into chaining themselves for the people attending the masquerade, and make them look like great beasts. Hop Frog chains them up and covers them completely in tar and flax. Once the party starts, Hop Frog raises the Eight Chained Ourang-outangs thirty feet in the air and proceeds to set them on fire. He then climbs back up the chains and scapes out a window and disappeared with Trippetta. The theme of revenge in Hop- Frog plays a big role in how the story plays out. The use of revenge as a theme in this story does a great Job at keeping the reader engaged into the story. It makes the reader really want to know and think what is going to happen next. When Hop-Frog chains the King and his members up, it makes the reader curious about what he plans to do to them. In less than half a minute the whole eight ourang-outangs were blazing fiercely, amid the shrieks of the multitude who gazed at them from below, orror-stricken, and without the power to render them the slightest assistance. In this story the revenge is not thought out but more in the moment and under the influence of alcohol. Hop-Frog plans out this revenge because of all the times he was picked on by the king. He was sick of it all, so he planned to murder the king and under the influence of alcohol gave him the confidence to pull it off. The narrator as a witness to the events of the story also plays a big rol e in the story Hop-Frog. The narrators view throughout the story is on the negative things that happen to Hop- Frog. This creates a big personal bias and makes the reader favor the actions of Hop- Frog. It makes the reader feel bad for the main character and decide that the murder is Justified. The narrator is also a witness of all the actions that take place throughout threw the contents of the brimming goblet in her face. In this scene the narrator witnesses Tripetta trying to stop the king from making Hop-Frog drink alcohol, and the King ends up throwing his drink in Tripettas face. The narrator sees this and makes the reader feel bad for the two and wants to help them. Later, the narrator lso witnesses Hop-Frog setting the king and his cabinet members burned alive from the chandelier. The use of the theme setting creates a must-need image of the main character and his reason for the murder. The main character uses the fire as a dramatic element not only as a part of the setting but also part of the murder. The narrator uses the chandelier as a huge part in the setting as the place where the murder occurs. He uses the chandelier to present the eight members, then set them on fire and kill them all. And now, while the whole assembly (the apes included) were onvulsed with laughter, the Jester suddenly uttered a shrill whistle; when the chain flew violently up for about thirty feet-dragging with it the dismayed and struggling ourang-outangs, and leaving them suspended in midair betweenthe skylight and the floor. After he brings them to the chandelier he lights them on fire, giving the setting a dramatic element to draw the reader deeper into the story . Next, the Tell-Tale Heart is story of a madman who murders the old man he lives with because of his eye. The narrator opens the story and explains why he had to take the life of the old an. Whenever it fell upon me, my blood ran cold; and so by degrees-very gradually-I made up my mind to take the life of the old man, and thus rid myself of the eye forever. For seven straight nights he would stick his head in the room where the old man sleeps and would beam a light from a lantern at the eye. On the eighth night the old man woke up as the narrator stuck his head in the room. The narrator beamed the light later at the eye and the man was awake. This angered the narrator and scared the old man to the point where the narrator could hear it. The narrator hen burst in the room and smothered the old man with his mattress until it killed him. He dismembered the body and proceeded to put the parts underneath the floor boards of the house. When the police came to investigate the disappearance, he heard the beating of his own heart and the guilt caused him to confess to the murder. Another thing is that the use of revenge in the Tell-Tale Heart is kind of different than the other two stories. In this story, the form of murder is more premeditated and planned out than Just at the right time. The narrator had planned o take the life of the old man a week before killing him. And this I did for seven long nights-every night Just after midnight-but I found the eye always closed. He watched him for seven straight nights until killing him on the eighth. The use of revenge as a theme in this story keeps the reader wondering when he will kill the old man and how he plans to kill him. It keeps the reader wanting to read more and gets the reader more curious about what will happen. Another reason why the narrator killed the old man was out of self-guilt. After the murder was complete, the narrator heard he beating of his heart and felt so guilty for killing the old man he confessed. The narrator couldnt handle hearing the beating of his heart because it sounded Just like the old mans when the narrator killed him. The narrators view in the Tell-Tale Heart was also the same as the others. It created a personal bias that made you think that that the murder wasnt as Justified as the others. In this story he murders this poor old man because he was bothered by one of his eyes. One of his eyes resembled that of a vulture-a pale blue eye, with a film over it. The theme of the narrators view n this story makes you want to believe that the killing of the old man is for the better. It tries to make you feel that its fine and its no big deal. Another thing on the narrators view is he watched the old man every night. He stood by the door in the floor and had it cracked Ju st enough to see him. The use of setting is a theme that plays a big part in Poes the Tell-Tale Heart. In the Tell-Tale Heart the narrator uses the darkness to murder the old man. It gives the main character a more secretive nature when he is using his setting to scare the old man. The setting is also a big art after the murder has taken place. The old man sleeps in a large room that only has an opening in the floor to enter and leave. This gives the narrator an easy way to murder the old man. After the main character kills the old man and dismembers him he proceeds to bury him in the floor boards. l then replaced the boards so cleverly, so cunningly, that no human eye-not even his-could have detected anything wrong. The place where he hides the dismembered parts is very significant. When people come around to ask about the old man it ends up that they are standing right above im. The writer uses the setting to reflect the details throughout the killing. Also, the Cask of the Amontillado, the story of a man wanting revenge on another man, who supposedly ridiculed him thousands of times. The evening starts at dusk during the madness of a carnival where the narrators victim had already been drinking too much. There he decides to enact his revenge on the intoxicated Fortunato by using Amontillado. He draws his victim in saying he Just received a large cask of wine called Amontillado. As you are engaged, I am on my way to Luchesi. If anyone has a critical urn, it is he. The narrator says this to get Fortunato to come with him and he ends up agreeing. He follows the narrator down deep into the catacombs underneath Paris. The narrator gets Fortunato to go into a room far at the end of the vaults and chains his victim to the wall covered in skulls and bones. He then pr oceeds to brick up the room so no one can enter and find the chained Fortunato. The story ends with the narrator putting the final brick in place, closing the room for half of a century of nothing disturbing it.

Great Compromises essays

Great Compromises essays Would the United States of America ever be united if it were not for compromises? I would say the chances are slim. During the early years of the new nation, there was a lot of conflict and turmoil. During the Constitutional Convention of 1786, one of the most essential compromises of the early United States was the Great Compromise. Another compromise that arose at the Constitutional Convention was the Three Fifths Compromise. These two compromises helped to establish the early government issues of the nation. Another compromise that was crucial to the survival of this great nation is the Missouri Compromise. Together these three compromises enabled America to become united. In 1786, fifty-five delegates from twelve of the thirteen states attended the Constitutional Convention. These delegates were there to make changes to the Articles of Confederation, what they did not know was that they would compromise to form a constitution. James Madison from Virginia proposed a plan that called for a three branch government; legislative, judicial, and executive (Notes 2/16/01). This was intended to separate the powers, ensuring that no one group or individual could have too much authority. In this plan was also a system that allowed each branch to check the other. This was instated to protect the interest of the citizen. Much of the controversy surrounding the plan centered on legislation. The plan called for membership in the legislature to be based on population (Tindall Plan. Since the small states disagreed, they formed their own plan. Some fifteen delegates came together and submitted the New Jersey Plan. This plan called for a unicameral legisla ture that had equal representation. It called for each state to have one representative. This legislative branch would have the power to levy taxes, reg...

Geo Lab Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Geo Lab Questions - Essay Example Some of the most salient landscape features found in Los Angeles include mountains, rivers and beaches. In fact, the landscape of Los Angeles has created geologic instability in the area. The main types of rocks that influence the landscape of Southern California are the sedimentary rocks located in the region. Research asserts that the Southern California region has numerous petroleum fields which are mainly formed as a result of sedimentary rocks (U.S Department of State, 2012). McWilliams, C. (2009). Southern California: An island on the land. (9th ed.). New York: Peregrine Smith Press. U.S Department of State. (2012). Minerals. Retrieved from http://countrystudies.us/united-states/geography-5.htm Question 4 A plate boundary is defined as the region found at the edge of the lithospheric plates. According to the discipline of geography, there are three types of plate boundaries. They include convergent, transform and divergent boundaries. Transform or conservative boundaries are fo rmed when two plates slide past each other along transform faults. In addition, convergent or destructive boundaries are formed when two plates move towards each other. Lastly, divergent or constructive boundaries are formed when two plates move away from each other (Condie, 2009). The movement of these plates always leads to the formation of certain physical landmarks. For example, Iceland is continually separating along the Mid-Atlantic ridge. These divergent forces are attributed by the American and Eurasian plates. This separation has led to the formation of a new crust. However, researchers claim that soon enough Iceland will be separated into two land masses because of the broadening of the crust (Harden, 2011). Condie, K. (2009). Plate tectonics. United States: Butterworth-Heinemann Press. Harden, D. (2011). California geology. New York: Prentice Hall Press. Question 5 According to experts in the field of geography, there are several types of features that are formed through either wave or wind action. Research proves that there are both soft and hard features that are formed along the coastline (Jervis, 2009). The aspect of softness or hardness of a physical feature formed at the coastline mainly depends on certain phenomenon. For example, a spit can be identified as a soft feature that is mostly found at the coastline. In most cases, spits are located at regions with shallow waters whereby there is a diversion in the direction of a coastline. A spit is normally formed when deposition occurs at the shallow area. As deposition of finer material continues, the spit bulges outwards into the sea and is more visible. In addition, an example of a hard feature is a headland. A headland is formed through wave action whereby the force of the water hits the shore forming a land mass. In some instances, the formation of a headland is also boosted by the chemical content that is contained in the sea water (Haslett, 2009). Jervis, P. (2009). Physical features. Unit ed States: Folen Press. Haslett, S. (2009). Coastal systems. New York: Routledge Press. Question 6 It is factual that hot air balloons operate on the certain physical principles. When the amount of lift in the balloon surpasses gravity, then, it moves upwards. According to most physical theories, hot air balloons are supposed to be launched in the morning. This is because the stable winds allow the balloon to operate effectively. Since balloons move with air, most pilots

FedEx corporation and Bowmans strategy clock Assignment

FedEx corporation and Bowmans strategy clock - Assignment Example (Bowman Strategy Clock, 2009) FedEx caters to global customers and business houses with a wide range of application, business packages as well as e-commerce services. It occupies the most trusted employer’s position in the world, supporting above 275000 human resources and contractors and maintaining immense professional benchmarks and customers’ requirements on regular basis (FedEx, 2011). Taking up the case of FedEx can serve as a case of analysis for the paper and the issues taken up for study cover the strategies of the company and an evaluation of the current and future position of the same. Bowman’s strategic clock and its success factors According to the Bowman’s strategic clock, there are six core strategic options (overall eight options) if properly represented, resemble the pattern of a clock hence named ‘the strategic clock’. According to Bowman, the first strategic option is low added value, which is likely to be specified by segme nts. The second strategic option is the low price of the products that helps in reducing the risks associated with price war and that with low margins. The third strategic option is hybrid that considers a base of low cost, availability of the options of reinvestment in low priced products and differentiation. The fourth strategic option is differentiation of products that can again be subdivided into two separate categories. The first category consists of those without a price premium that helps in yielding benefits from the market share through the process of value addition as perceived by the users. The second category is with the system of price premium that contains within itself sufficient added values as perceived so as to bear the price premium. The fifth strategy is called focused differentiation that... The FedEx, the biggest delivery company of the United States of America followed the strategy options prescribed by Bowman to gain sustainability through the achievement of competitive advantages over the other firms of the industry. The criterion of suitability is use to access the extent of the fitting of a proposed strategy and its contribution to the improvement of the competitive position of the firm and its sustainability. Feasibility of any strategy is the assessment of the successful implementation of a particular strategy. Acceptability on the other hand relates strongly to the people’s expectation about a particular strategy option taken by the firm. (Evaluation Criteria, n.d) The unique operating strategies undertaken by FedEx are the collective competition that enables each and every sub segment of the company to use the brand name for the marketing of their products. The second strategy is the independent operation of the firms under the company that focuses on me eting the distinct needs of the customers and handles them separately with proper individual care. The third strategy is the management of the firm collaboratively that is to work together under the loyalty of the workforce the customers and the investors of the company. All these strategies valued the people in promoting diversity, the service with full positive spirit, the innovation and the integrity of the organization increasing efficiency, reliability, and honesty.